The most important inventions of the 8th century are often considered to be agricultural (horse shoes and collars, the heavy plough) or military (certain types of Viking sword and Native American arrowhead). While some of these things may have been revolutionary in their own way, this narrative plays down the advances that were being made in the social sphere, the arts, and, in particular, the realm of music. Depictions found on Pictish decorated stones suggest that thirteen hundred years ago, people in what is now Scotland were playing a harp-like instrument. That instrument became known as the clàrsach.
The striking thing about the clàrsach – other than its long history – is its potency as a political symbol. Both the Irish and Scottish forms of…